IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF PEAR (PYRUS SPPS) - A REVIEW
Keywords:
In Vitro Propagation, Proliferation, Subculturing, Rooting, Scion, AcclimatizationAbstract
In vitro propagation of pear was achieved for the first time in 1979 and since then a significant progress has been made in the different areas of its in vitro culture. In most cases, Murashige and Skoog (MS) revised medium (1962) was used as mineral medium for culturing many Pyrus species and cultivars for regeneration and/or proliferation, subculturing and subsequent rooting. The lower concentration of major elements in WPM (Woody Plant Medium) was more suitable for micropropagation of some pear genotypes. Starting material for establishment of pear in vitro culture consists mostly of shoot tips or nodal explants. BAP is the most frequently used cytokinin for in vitro propagation of pear. Exogenous auxins do not promote axillary shoot proliferation, however, culture growth may improve by their presence. Rooting Pyrus spp. in vitro has proven difficult, and scion cultivars have proved more difficult to root than rootstocks. NAA is mostly used for inducing rooting followed by IBA, IAA and 2, 4-D. Brief exposure of shoots to auxin and darkness followed by their transfer to hormone free medium resulted in good rooting response in pear. The success of transplanting and survival of plants greatly depends on the quality of roots. In pear, acclimatization has been accomplished in various substrates by progressively decreasing the relative humidity.
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