COMMUNICATION NETWORKS FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES TO OPERATE EFFECTIVELY: AN IN-DEPTH STUDY

Abstract

This article explores the communication protocol networks essential for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs), including cellular networks, satellite networks, and Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC). These networks are crucial in facilitating effective communication between AVs and surrounding infrastructures. The article examines each network type's features, benefits, limitations, and performance requirements, focusing on latency, throughput, and reliability. With their comprehensive coverage, low latency, and high throughput, cellular networks are ideal for non-safetycritical vehicle communications but face challenges in high-speed and high-density scenarios. Satellite networks offer global coverage, particularly benefiting areas where terrestrial networks are unavailable or unreliable, though they typically suffer from high latency and lower throughput. DSRC, designed explicitly for automotive use, enables low latency and high-reliability communication over short to medium ranges. The article concludes by suggesting that a hybrid approach, leveraging the strengths of each network type, might be the future of AV communication systems. Technological advances such as 5G, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, and DSRC will continually refine these communication capabilities.